Factors Influencing Successful Mitigation of Tsunami Hazard: Lesson learned from the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami
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Abstract
Japan is one of the countries most affected by earthquakes. On March 11, 2011, Japan experienced a significant seismic event on the east coast of Tohoku, resulting in a 10-meter tsunami wave that caused damage to coastal cities in Tohoku and Iwate provinces. We are pleased to report that Fudai City was able to cope with the tsunami disaster in a way that avoided severe damage compared to other cities. This study aims to gain insight into the factors that contributed to the successful mitigation implementation in Fudai City and to identify the factors that led to the failure of mitigation in other cities. In this research, we have opted to employ a method that entails a comprehensive review of existing research studies. The findings of this study suggest that the success or failure of tsunami disaster mitigation in Tohoku may be influenced by a number of factors, beyond the mere implementation of structural mitigation measures such as the construction of seawalls and breakwaters. These factors may include land use regulations and zoning of coastal cities, the level of awareness and ability of the public to evacuate, and the availability of evacuation shelters and evacuation warnings.
Keywords: Mitigation, Tsunami, lesson learned, Tohoku
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