National Adaptation and Mitigation Policy in the Principle of Climate Justice in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia's national climate change policy embraces the principle of climate justice, prioritizing the protection of vulnerable groups such as coastal communities, indigenous peoples, and economically disadvantaged groups. This aligns with John Rawls' concept of justice as fairness, emphasizing the fair distribution of benefits and burdens. Climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts are reflected in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and ecosystem-based adaptation approaches. Hans Kelsen's theory of justice further supports this framework, viewing justice as a normative order rooted in legal compliance. Indonesia’s climate policy operates within national and international legal frameworks, including the Paris Agreement. Procedural justice is promoted through community participation in natural resource management and community-based climate finance initiatives. Key recommendations include strengthening cross-stakeholder collaboration, enhancing local institutional capacity, and promoting evidence-based decision-making. By integrating Rawls’ fairness principles and Kelsen’s normative order, Indonesia's climate policy aims to establish a more just, inclusive, and effective approach to climate adaptation and mitigation, addressing the rights and needs of the most vulnerable groups.